06. 08. 2007
P. M. Derlet,1 D. Nguyen-Manh,2 and S. L. Dudarev2,3
We investigate the structure and mobility of single self-interstitial atom and vacancy defects in bodycentered- cubic transition metals forming groups 5B vanadium, niobium, and tantalum and 6B chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten of the Periodic Table. Density-functional calculations show that in all these metals the axially symmetric 111 self-interstitial atom configuration has the lowest formation energy. In chromium, the difference between the energies of the 111 and the 110 self-interstitial configurations is very small, making the two structures almost degenerate. Local densities of states for the atoms forming the core of crowdion configurations exhibit systematic widening of the “local” d band and an upward shift of the antibonding peak. Using the information provided by electronic structure calculations, we derive a family of Finnis-Sinclair-type interatomic potentials for vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten. Using these potentials, we investigate the thermally activated migration of self-interstitial atom defects in tungsten. We rationalize the results of simulations using analytical solutions of the multistring Frenkel-Kontorova model describing nonlinear elastic interactions between a defect and phonon excitations. We find that the discreteness of the crystal lattice plays a dominant part in the picture of mobility of defects. We are also able to explain the origin of the non-Arrhenius diffusion of crowdions and to show that at elevated temperatures the diffusion coefficient varies linearly as a function of absolute temperature.
